Short Description: Leukonychia (White Spots on Nails).

Definition: Presence of one or more white spots on nails from 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter. They can appear in different forms: small dots (leukonychia in dots), bands that cross the entire width of the nail or longitudinal stripes going from the root of the nail to its end. In some cases, the discoloration may involve the entire nail (total leukonychia). This chromatic change usually occurs after an impact to the nail, which has caused small lesions in the nail matrix. The white color is explained by a disorder in the synthesis of keratin, a fibrous protein produced by the keratinocytes, leading to a defect in the superposition of keratin, which no longer allows light to pass. Usually harmless, these white spots can sometimes be due to abnormalities in the nail plate or bed, revealing serious systemic disorders or congenital conditions.

Internal and external causes: What causes white spots on nails? Physical or chemical microtrauma (receiving a shock, abrupt filing, exposure to chemicals, etc.), pushing back the cuticle during a manicure, sign of a pathology or infection (allergy, fungal infection, certain cancers, kidney failure, cirrhosis, erythema multiforme, alopecia, vitiligo, psoriasis, etc.), side effects of certain medications, etc. ...), side effects of certain drug treatments (sulfur drugs, diuretics, certain chemotherapy drugs, arthritis pain medications, diabetes medications, sulfasalazine), nutritional deficiencies (zinc, vitamin PP).

How to reduce or eliminate: There is no actual treatment to get rid of white spots on nails, unless they are caused by above-mentioned pathologies or infections. They disappear naturally with the renewal of the nail, advancing little by little towards the end of the nail. However, if the stains persist, spread, become yellowish or even opaque, consult a doctor.

Preventative steps to take: To expose oneself as little as possible to shocks or aggressive products (wear gloves during housework...). ); be careful with manicure care; moisturize and take care of your nails to strengthen them; avoid biting your nails; avoid filing them too suddenly or too often; remember to take a break between two applications of nail polish; limit the use of semi-permanent polish, acetone-based solvents or glue on your nails; minimize cuticle growth during manicures.