Often confined to cutaneous mycoses or scalp imbalances, ciclopirox olamine nevertheless has a broad antifungal spectrum. Could it be used to treat vulvar fungal infections? This is what we invite you to discover.

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- Ciclopirox olamine for vulvar mycosis?
Ciclopirox olamine for vulvar mycosis?
Can ciclopirox olamine be used to treat vulvar fungal infections?
Vulvar mycoses rank among the most common infections of the female genital area. They are generally caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, of which Candida albicans is the predominant species. Naturally present in the vaginal flora, this yeast can become pathogenic when an imbalance in the microbiota or a local pH change promotes its overgrowth. Vulvar yeast infection episodes manifest as itching, burning sensations, redness, and sometimes thick, whitish discharge. While most infections are mild and self-limiting, they can still be painful and disruptive to daily life.
Vulvovaginal fungal infections require medical management, whether consulting a general practitioner or seeking advice from a pharmacist.
Most often, an antifungal cream is prescribed for application to the intimate area until symptoms disappear. Among the most commonly used active agents are imidazoles, such as econazole or isoconazole, as well as ciclopirox olamine. The latter is a recognized antifungal agent capable of acting against a broad spectrum of fungi, including yeasts of the genus Candida. A study in vitro demonstrated the inhibitory effect of ciclopirox olamine on Candida albicans. Different doses were added to the culture medium, and scientists observed that microbial growth decreased as the concentration of ciclopirox olamine increased.

After exposing fungal cells to 0.6 µg/mL ciclopirox olamine, the researchers analyzed the expression of 47 genes known for their roles in iron metabolism and drug resistance. The results show that ciclopirox strongly upregulates iron metabolism genes (FTR1, FTR2, FTH1, CCC2, CFL1 and SIT1) and induces a state resembling deficiency. The addition of ferric chloride (FeCl₃) to the medium abolished these effects, confirming that ciclopirox’s action largely relies on a iron chelation, an essential metal for fungal enzymatic activity.
The study also revealed that, despite a slight induction of resistance genes CDR1 and CDR2, no tolerance or resistance development was observed, even after six months of continuous exposure to ciclopirox olamine. This stability contrasts with observations under fluconazole, where an increase in minimum inhibitory concentrations was recorded as early as two months. Moreover, although the serum-induced yeast-to-hypha transition was not affected, ciclopirox olamine-treated cells displayed increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, notably to hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species. This vulnerability suggests dysfunction of iron-dependent enzymes involved in the elimination of reactive oxygen species.
H2O2 concentration (mM) | Percentage of surviving fungal cells (without ciclopirox olamine) | Percentage of surviving fungal cells (with 0.6 microg/mL ciclopirox olamine) |
---|---|---|
0.0 | 100 | 100 |
0.5 | 73.4 | 8.5 |
1.0 | 16.6 | 1.7 |
1.5 | 4.6 | 0.0 |
2.0 | 4.9 | 0.0 |
2.5 | 3.4 | 0.0 |
This antifungal action of ciclopirox olamine against yeasts of the genus Candida explains why it is frequently used to treat vulvovaginal fungal infections.
Sources
HUBE B. & al. Ciclopirox olamine treatment affects the expression pattern of Candida albicans genes encoding virulence factors, iron metabolism proteins, and drug resistance factors. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2003).
GUPTA A. Ciclopirox: A broad-spectrum antifungal with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. International Journal of Dermatology (2004).
MENDLINGS W. Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072), S2k (excluding chronic mucocutaneous candidosis). Mycoses (2015).
SEHGAL V. N. & al. Topical ciclopirox olamine 1% : Revisiting a unique antifungal. Indian Dermatology Online Journal (2019).
BUDZISZ E. & al. Ciclopirox and ciclopirox olamine: Antifungal agents in dermatology with expanding therapeutic potential. Applied Sciences (2024).
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