The mask of pregnancy, also known as melasma, is a type of hyperpigmentation caused by an overproduction of melanin. Melanin is the pigment synthesized by the skin to combat the sun's UV rays and defines the color of the skin.
During pregnancy, due to the increase in the body's levels ofestrogen and progesterone, melanocytes produce this pigment excessively, which results in the appearance of brown spots on certain parts of the body (such as the forearms, stomach...) and the face (particularly on the cheeks, the bridge of the nose, the forehead, and the upper lip).
type I melanocortin receptors (MC1R) , playing a role in the melanin synthesis pathway.
Melasma, often referred to as the "mask of pregnancy," primarily affects women with darker skin tones, from phototypes III to VI in the FITZPATRICK classification. Darker skin contains more melanin than lighter skin, specifically eumelanin, a darker form, which provides better protection against UV rays.
This pigment disorder often appears around the 4th or 6th month of pregnancy. It usually manifests as large dark areas, more or less regular and are quite defined, giving a very irregular appearance to the complexion.