Red bumps (papules)
Definition: A papule is a small visible and palpable inflammatory skin lesion. It appears as a solid, dry (non-purulent) skin protrusion, containing no fluid (neither pus nor serous fluid). Measuring between 0.5 and 5 mm in diameter, it can assume various shapes (round, oval, polygonal, or even plaque-like) and display a pink, red, or sometimes brown color. A papule may occur as an isolated lesion or be scattered over any area of the body, including mucous membranes.
Internal and external causes: Hormonal fluctuations (menstrual cycle, contraception, menopause), inflammatory dermatoses (acne, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, etc.), viral infections (chickenpox, shingles, syphilis, etc.), allergic reactions (cosmetics, medications, etc.), insect bites/stings, repeated friction from clothing, prolonged unprotected sun exposure, genetic predispositions (Darier disease), imbalanced diet, folliculitis.
How to reduce or eliminate them: Papules typically resolve within a few days to a few weeks. For mild and sparse papules, topical cosmetic care containing salicylic acid (< 0.3 %), bakuchiol, or succinic acid may be sufficient to improve skin appearance. In moderate to severe cases or if lesions persist, seek advice from a healthcare professional. Depending on the underlying cause and severity, treatment options include topical creams or gels (benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, azelaic acid), oral antibiotics (clindamycin), topical corticosteroids for allergies or eczema, oral antibiotics (tetracyclines) for bacterial infections, and antihistamines for allergic reactions. For resistant or extensive lesions, procedures such as cryotherapy, chemical peels, laser therapy, or surgical intervention may be indicated.
Preventive measures: Adopt a gentle skincare routine using non-comedogenic products, regularly clean makeup tools, avoid touching or picking at skin lesions, apply appropriate daily sun protection, identify and avoid potential allergens, exfoliate the skin once a week, and thoroughly wash your hands before applying skincare products.
