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Psoriasis

Definition: Psoriasis is a non-contagious chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by red patches covered with white flakes (scales) that can be itchy. The onset of psoriasis is due to a malfunction of the immune system. Indeed, immune cells mistakenly end up in the skin, producing inflammatory molecules. This then causes inflammation in the deep layer of the skin and an overproduction of keratinocytes. There are different forms of psoriasis: plaque psoriasis, which is the most common form and where the patches are usually located on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back; guttate psoriasis, which corresponds to small patches scattered all over the body but especially in areas of friction such as the lower back or forearm; nail psoriasis, specifically localized in this area and characterized by a thickening of the skin causing the nail to detach; erythrodermic psoriasis, which is a rare and severe form, requiring hospitalization, rapid management, and powerful treatment; and pustular psoriasis, which is dangerous for the patient, manifesting as pustules located on the palms of the hands and/or soles of the feet.

Internal and external causes: Genetic predisposition; dysfunction of the immune system.

How to reduce or eliminate: Currently, there is no cure for psoriasis. However, there are treatments available that alleviate flare-ups, requiring continuous use to prevent relapses: anti-inflammatory ointments based on cortisone or vitamin D, oral treatments (acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine...), exposure to ultraviolet light under dermatological control (PUVA therapy), and injections of monoclonal antibodies (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) which are part of biologic therapy. In the event of a flare-up, it is crucial to immediately soothe the skin with products that are very rich in lipids.

Preventative steps to take: Adhere to the treatment recommended by the doctor to prevent relapses; avoid triggering factors (alcohol, tobacco, stress, etc.); moisturize your skin with a cream suitable for sensitive skin containing soothing ingredients; avoid exfoliation, especially grain-based ones; avoid long, hot daily showers; use a soap-free super-fatted cleanser for bathing and abandon soaps; maintain a balanced diet; use gentle, non-irritating shampoos.