Saffron to accelerate skin healing?

When the skin is damaged, following an injury or due to acne for instance, it responds by initiating several defense mechanisms to combat inflammation. Immune cells, such as macrophages, are first recruited to the injury site. They eliminate cellular debris and bacteria present in the wound, thus promoting an environment conducive to tissue regeneration. As inflammation subsides, the phase of cell proliferation begins. Fibroblasts, specialized cells, multiply and migrate to the wound. They are responsible for the production of collagen, a protein essential for the formation of scar tissue, as well as other components of the extracellular matrix.

Simultaneously, the process ofangiogenesis begins, meaning that new blood vessels form from the existing vessels damaged by the injury. The endothelial cells within the blood vessels respond to the damage by dividing and migrating to the injured area. They then form new blood vessels, which allows for the delivery of nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors necessary for healing.

Finally, the healing process continues with the re-epithelialization, or the regeneration of the epidermis. This is accomplished via the activation of keratinocytes, the constitutive cells of the epidermis. The keratinocytes located at the periphery of the wound multiply and migrate towards the injury area by interacting with the components of the extracellular matrix. During their migration, they differentiate, meaning they undergo morphological and molecular changes to transform into mature epithelial cells. These differentiated cells form a new layer of epidermis, similar to the one that existed before the injury.

Saffron has long been used for its therapeutic virtues. Whether taken orally or applied topically when incorporated into a cream, it aids skin healing through various mechanisms. Studies have shown that the kaempferol contained in saffron works by increasing the activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whose role is to trigger the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). In fact, a study conducted on mice showed that a loss of activity of this growth factor present in keratinocytes delayed wound healing.

Furthermore, saffron extract works by increasing the production ofinterleukin-6 (IL-6). Although they are considered pro-inflammatory cytokines, it is commonly accepted that they possess regenerative and anti-inflammatory activities. Indeed, IL-6 initiates certain mechanisms related to skin healing, and induces the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes.

Finally, saffron extract possesses moisturizing properties, which are essential for ensuring proper wound healing. Indeed, when we get injured, a wound tends to be red and painful: the skin can burn, itch, or feel tight. It is then necessary to properly hydrate it so that it can heal correctly. A study showed that saffron extract had a certain hydrating capacity and that the daily application of a cream enriched with 3% saffron could reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by 7% and increase overall skin hydration by 8% in 8 weeks. It was hypothesized that the moisturizing properties of saffron come from the polysaccharides in its composition, considered as humectant agents. Indeed, their molecular structure promotes the absorption and retention of water, which prevents the skin from dehydration.

While the healing properties of saffron extract are indeed real, they are limited and this ingredient will only have an effect on minor wounds and everyday small cuts. In the case of a serious injury or an infected wound, it is imperative to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

The healing virtues of saffron extract can also be utilized to lessen the acne lesions or the purple stretch marks. Indeed, there are numerous treatments available in the cosmetic market targeted towards acne-prone skin or formulated to prevent or reduce the appearance of stretch marks.

However, it should be noted that scientific studies that have investigated the healing properties of saffron extract have been conducted in vitro, and not on individuals with actual wounds, suffering from acne, or having stretch marks. Therefore, additional research is still necessary and it is appropriate to exercise caution regarding the effect of saffron extract on these types of lesions.