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Sun Spots on Skin.
Definition:
A type of hyperpigmentation that appears as small, flat patches of light brown to black color. They result from increased production of melanin in the skin. Sun spots, also called age spots, appear on the face, neck, décolletage, shoulders, forearms, hands, and legs. They are more common in people over the age of 50 and are much more prevalent in people with a light phototype.
Internal and external causes:
Overexposure to the sun leading to inflammation, dysfunction of melanocytes with age.
How to reduce or eliminate:
Use cosmetic products containing active ingredients with depigmenting properties (azelaic acid, tranexamic acid, vitamin C, arbutin acid, niacinamide, kojic acid, etc.), as well as exfoliants such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid or PHAs; dermatological treatments (chemical peels, laser surgery, pulsed light, prescription of a cysteamine cream, cryotherapy).
Preventative steps to take:
Apply daily and reapply regularly a sun protection with an appropriate SPF level regardless of skin color; limit the time spent in the sun; do not expose yourself to the sun during the most intense hours (between 10am and 4pm); wear clothing and hats to protect yourself from the sun when possible.
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