Brimonidine, a vasoconstrictor treatment for rosacea.

The brimonidine is a substance indicated for the symptomatic treatment of facial redness associated with rosacea in adults. It helps to reduce the appearance of redness and visible micro-capillaries under the skin (telangiectasias).

Another advantage of using brimonidine would be the improvement of life quality. The symptoms of rosacea contribute to stress and self-consciousness in those affected, due to the changes in appearance caused by the disease's symptoms. By alleviating these symptoms, brimonidine helps individuals feel better about their skin and reduces the anxiety associated with rosacea.

Brimonidine is a highly selective agonist of post-synaptic α2-adrenergic receptors. By binding to these receptors at the level of the blood vessel cells, brimonidine will exert a vasoconstrictive action on human subcutaneous blood vessels. As a result, the blood flow to the face is reduced, which will contribute to the attenuation of redness and visible blood capillaries.

Brimonidine is metabolized by the liver, and the primary route of elimination for brimonidine and its metabolites is urinary excretion.

Brimonidine is typically presented in the form of a topical application gel. The dosage of brimonidine to be followed depends on the skincare product used. However, for an adult over 18 years old, the recommended dose is approximately 1 gram of gel (equivalent to a small pea) to be applied once a day in a thin layer on the various areas of the face (forehead, chin, nose, and cheeks).

It is important not to exceed the recommended dosage and frequency of application.

The side effects listed below are not experienced by everyone who takes this medication. However, it is appropriate to stop using the product as soon as any of these side effects appear and consult your doctor.

• Common local reactions: congestive flushes, skin redness, itching, burning sensation;

• Infrequent local reactions: skin irritation, worsening of rosacea, sensation of heat or skin discomfort, dry skin, acne, hives, facial swelling;

• Other reactions: headaches (possibly related to the highly lipophilic nature of brimonidine, which facilitates its passage through the blood-brain barrier, thus increasing the likelihood of side effects on the central nervous system), tingling, eyelid swelling, stuffy nose, dry mouth, sensation of cold feet and hands, allergic reaction (Quincke's edema).

Allergic reactions can also occur. If you have any doubts, consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

The treatment containing brimonidine should be used exclusively on the face, only on the affected areas. Be sure not to apply it on open wounds to avoid complications, or on irritated skin. Remember to wash your hands after application and wait for the gel to dry on your face before using other products.

When applying, take care to avoid touching the eyes. Also avoid sensitive areas such as the eyelids, mouth, and nasal mucosa. In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water.

The use of a treatment containing brimonidine should be avoided by pregnant and breastfeeding women, as the effects of this substance in these situations are still not well understood. However, consult a doctor to understand the risks associated with the use of brimonidine in your case. Due to the lack of data on the safety of brimonidine in children, this medication should not be used in children under two years of age.

Its use should be avoided in individuals taking certain antidepressants, particularly drugs from the MAOI family (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors). Indeed, MAOIs can interfere with the metabolism of brimonidine and increase the intensity of a systemic side effect, such as hypotension.

Precautions are also necessary for individuals suffering from cardiovascular diseases, Raynaud's phenomenon,hypotension, orthostatic or depression, because α2-adrenergic agonists can lower blood pressure.

• KATZ L.J. & al. Efficacy, safety, and current applications of brimonidine. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety (2008).

• JOHNSON A. W. & al. The role of topical Brimonidine tartrate gel as a novel therapeutic option for persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea. Dermatology and Therapy (2015).

• Gamme de médicament MIRVASO. VIDAL (2016).