Aloe vera gel: an anti-cellulite agent?

Also known as superficial lipodystrophy, cellulite is the result of an abnormal accumulation of fats, water, or toxins in the skin, affecting the structure of adipose tissue. The resulting inflammation gives the skin an unsightly, orange-peel–like appearance. Depending on its cause, three types of cellulite : adipose cellulite, arising from excess fat storage; aqueous cellulite, characterized by fat deposition with water retention; and fibrous cellulite, where fat buildup is accompanied by fibrotic changes. While generally harmless, cellulite can sometimes cause pain due to its increased density and pressure on nerve endings.

The cellulite, particularly the fibrous form, is very difficult to eliminate. Therefore, it is preferable to prevent it by adopting a varied diet and engaging in regular physical activity.

Some natural remedies are sometimes suggested to tackle cellulite, including aloe vera gel. Derived from the leaves of Aloe barbadensis, this gel has been traditionally used in cosmetics for its soothing and moisturizing properties, but its potential role in cellulite management also raises questions.

Direct studies on aloe vera’s effect on cellulite remain limited, but certain extracts have shown hypolipidemic effects, meaning an ability to reduce lipid accumulation and enhance their metabolism, which could theoretically help limit the fat deposits involved in cellulite. Several mechanisms have been proposed. The phytosterols found in aloe vera are poorly absorbed in the intestine, but they can bind to cholesterol and hinder its absorption, thereby contributing to lower blood lipid levels. Moreover, some anthraquinones such as barbaloin and isobarbaloin are converted in the colon into active metabolites, including aloe-emodin. This molecule notably has laxative properties via inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase, reducing water reabsorption, but also inhibitory activity against urokinase, an enzyme involved in angiogenesis. These various biological effects could indirectly influence lipid metabolism.

Nevertheless, even though these mechanisms are observed in the context of ingestion, no scientific evidence currently indicates that they also occur when applying gel of aloe vera to the skin.

For topical application, aloe vera is chiefly known for its moisturizing power, owing to its high content of polysaccharides that can hold water in the stratum corneum and temporarily reinforce barrier function. Better-hydrated, more flexible, and smoother skin can then visually present a diminished “orange peel” appearance, without actually altering the structure of the underlying adipose tissues of the skin.

One can, however, consider an indirect massage-related effect during application. Used as a massage medium thanks to its viscous texture, aloe vera gel facilitates mechanical maneuvers such as palper-rouler. This technique aims to mobilize subcutaneous tissues, soften fat clusters, and stimulate blood and lymphatic circulation, which may help temporarily improve the appearance of cellulite.

• ISHIZAKI C. & al. Effects of plant sterols derived from Aloe vera gel on human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and on skin condition in Japanese women. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology (2014).

• HUSSAIN S. A. & al. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Aloe vera extract preparations: A review. Phytotherapy Research (2015).

• KAMINER M. & al. Insights into the pathophysiology of cellulite: A review. Dermatologic Surgery (2020).

• PUSHPAKUMARI R. & al. Pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic applications of Aloe vera plant. International Journal of Herbal Medicine (2021).

• TASLEEM G. & al. Aloe vera gel effect on skin and pharmacological properties. Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology (2022).