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Oily Dandruff

Definition: Thick, white to yellowish scales that are more or less voluminous and remain "stuck" to the scalp, as opposed to dry dandruff. They result from an acceleration in the renewal cycle of the scalp's epidermal cells, which changes from about 28 days to 5 - 14 days, coupled with abnormal desquamation. As a result, the dead cells no longer have time to properly complete their maturation and gradually detach from each other, but instead cling together and aggregate into a layer with sebum acting as a binder. Oily dandruff is often accompanied by more or less intense itching, and a red and irritated scalp due to local inflammation. This type of dandruff typically develops on scalps with a tendency to be oily. However, this deregulation in sebum production promotes the abnormal proliferation of a fungus (Malassezia furfur) on the scalp's surface. Moreover, their prolonged presence can "suffocate" the scalp, leading to hair loss, although this is reversible. While oily dandruff is not a disease, in some cases it can be a symptom of a pathological condition.

Internal and external causes: Genetic predisposition, hormonal fluctuations, symptoms of certain conditions (psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, etc...), side effects of certain medications, stress, harsh shampoos, hair trauma (aggressive brushing, tight hairstyles...).

How to reduce or eliminate: Consulting a dermatologist and using an anti-dandruff shampoo containing antifungal, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory agents (such as piroctone olamine, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid...) can help eliminate dandruff and soothe itching. This should be done 2 to 3 times a week for 2 to 4 weeks, allowing the shampoo to sit for a while. For long-term use, maintain the use of the anti-dandruff shampoo once a week or once every two weeks, alternating with a regular shampoo. In cases of severe flaky conditions, use an anti-dandruff shampoo either based on 2% ketoconazole or 1.5% cyclopiroxolamine under medical prescription, which can be combined with a corticosteroid treatment depending on the severity of the condition.

Preventative steps to take: Use non-stripping, non-irritating products suitable for your hair type; adjust the frequency of washing according to your scalp type; protect your scalp during prolonged sun exposure; avoid overly aggressive blow-drying (keep the hairdryer at least 20 cm away from the hair, lower the temperature); wash your hair with lukewarm water; avoid running your hand through your hair.