Pustule on the tongue: what to do?

A pustule is a circular vesicle filled with a clear or serous fluid known as pus. Quite noticeable and able to measure up to 5 mm in diameter, it stands out from other blemishes, such as papules, due to its significant volume, and the pus it contains. Pustules are often surrounded by a red halo and can be quite sensitive to touch. When they appear on the tongue, they often result from inflammation, infection, or irritation, which can make daily activities such as speaking or eating more difficult.

The etiology of pustules on the tongue is multifactorial, but the primary factor for the appearance of these bumps is infection. Those caused by the fungus Candida albicans or the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus are quite common and can cause pustules. Infections can, for example, occur following injuries to the tongue, such as an accidental bite, which are conducive to the penetration of pathogens. Viruses, such as the Herpes simplex can also cause pustular lesions on the tongue, often accompanied by other symptoms such as itching or tingling. Although it is rarer, pustules can also be a sign of systemic viral diseases, such as chickenpox or measles, which can cause skin rashes, including in the oral cavity.

Finally, the appearance of pustules on the tongue can be a result of pyostomatitis vegetans, a rare dermatological condition that is characterized by yellowish-white pustules and inflammatory growths on the oral mucosa, specifically on the gums, the vestibule, the palate, and sometimes the lips. Pyostomatitis vegetans is often associated with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. This condition is typically treated with local or systemic corticosteroids, depending on the severity of the oral and digestive symptoms.

When a pustule appears on the tongue, the first step is to monitor its progression and see if it disappears spontaneously within a few days. If it persists, worsens, or is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, pain, or difficulty swallowing, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

The treatment of the pustule recommended by the healthcare professional will largely depend on its cause and appearance. If an infection is suspected, laboratory tests may be conducted to identify the responsible pathogen. Based on the diagnosis, the treatment may include antibiotics, antivirals, or topical corticosteroid treatments to alleviate pain and promote the healing of the pustule. An antiseptic mouthwash may also be recommended to prevent the spread of germs.

Note : Preventing tongue pustules and other oral discomforts requires a strict oral hygiene. It is particularly recommended to brush your teeth at least twice a day with a soft toothbrush and to thoroughly clean your toothbrush before storing it. Brushing the tongue is also important as it too contains microorganisms. Finally, dentists advise having a medical check-up of the teeth and a scaling twice a year, and not to hesitate to consult in case of any oral problem or discomfort.