In normal and non-stressed cells, there is a constant production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species at the mitochondrial level, which is balanced by the combined operation of non-enzymatic bioactive substances (vitamins C and E, β-carotene, lycopene, etc.) and antioxidant enzymes (Zn/Cu and Mn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, and catalase). However, when a cell is subjected to stress, this balance is disrupted and reactive oxygen species accumulate, leading to a change in cell behavior.
The skin, which is constantly exposed to pro-oxidant internal and external influences from various sources (atmospheric pollutants, sunlight, chemical oxidants, stress, etc.), can experience alterations in its condition and physiological functioning. The free radicals produced in large quantities then cause skin damage, ranging from brown spots to premature aging and inflammation.
However, it has been demonstrated that resveratrol possesses an inherent antioxidant capacity, with both preventive and therapeutic effects, by modulating the oxidative imbalances that occur during chronic aging. Indeed, it is capable of neutralizing free radicals and inducing the expression of a number of antioxidant enzymes so that the skin can better defend and repair itself.
It has been observed that resveratrol acts as a superior free radical scavenger compared to vitamins C and E.
Resveratrol also forms complex molecules with certain metallic ions, neutralizing their ability to form free radicals, which enhances cellular function and supports fibroblasts, as well as the creation of healthy collagen. Other studies in vitro have shown that resveratrol also protects human fibroblasts from the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide.
This combination of data highlights that resveratrol is effective in combating the harmful effects of free radicals.