What is combination skin?

Combination skin is a skin type characterized by an uneven distribution of sebaceous activity across the face.

Typically, the T-zone—meaning the forehead, nose, and chin—exhibits elevated sebum production, resulting in more pronounced shine, sometimes coupled with enlarged pores or slight imperfections. In contrast, the cheeks, temples, and eye area tend to be drier and occasionally more prone to tightness.

This duality of combination skin primarily stems from differences in the density and activity of sebaceous glands in different areas. Indeed, the T-zone contains a higher number of sebaceous glands, tasked with sebum synthesis and whose activity is stimulated by hormonal factors—particularly androgens—and environmental factors. Sebum, composed mainly of triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene, plays a vital role in protecting the skin against dehydration and external aggressors. However, when produced in excess, it can leave the skin looking shiny and glossy, lead to pore blockage, and contribute to the development of blemishes.

In contrast, the cheeks of individuals with combination skin often exhibit a lipid organization similar to that of dry skin and suffer from a lipid deficiency. As a reminder, lipids, such as ceramides, serve as intercellular cement in the stratum corneum, filling the spaces between corneocytes to maintain the cohesion of the skin barrier. They thus help limit water loss and protect the skin from external aggressors, for example by restricting the penetration of allergens and microorganisms. The contrast with the T-zone therefore results from heterogeneity in barrier function across the face.

Find here our evidence-based recommendations for caring for combination skin.