Psoriasis: How to soothe the itching?

The psoriasis is a skin condition that is not contagious. It is characterized by red patches covered with whitish scales. Psoriasis presents in three forms: mild, moderate, and severe. In its severe form, it can lead to joint pain, known as psoriatic arthritis. Psoriasis evolves through flare-ups alternating with periods of remission. In other words, there are times when the symptoms disappear before reappearing later.

Skininflammation is caused by a failure of the immune system. T lymphocytes produce inflammatory molecules (cytokines IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-alpha, among others). These molecules stimulate the proliferation of keratinocytes. When the skin cell renewal period, which is normally about four weeks, is accelerated to just three days, it results in an accumulation of immature keratinocytes on the skin's surface. The consequences are an increase in the thickness of the skin's outer layer (hyperkeratosis).

Itching begins to be felt after inflammation flare-ups and skin dryness. It is exacerbated by the habit of scratching and stress. Here are some recommendations to alleviate the itching of psoriasis.

• Hydrating your skin: The hydration is the ally of skin diseases. In the case of psoriasis, it prevents and soothes itching. To hydrate the skin, it is recommended to apply a emollient care several times a day, and this, in a thin layer. It is also possible to use thermal waters. Simply perform prolonged sprays or apply compresses soaked in cool water. Moreover, it is advised to drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day.

• Applying cold: The cold is highly recommended for psoriasis to numb the itchiness. Indeed, the cold has a vasoconstrictor effect, meaning it causes a narrowing of the blood vessels and can reduce the skin inflammation associated with itching. For this, place a thermal water spray in the refrigerator. Once cool, spray it on the itchy skin surface.

• Avoid Scratching: The urge to scratch is a constant presence in cases of psoriasis. The goal is to soothe the itchiness of psoriasis without damaging the skin. To do this, gently scratch using the palm of your hand or use your fingers folded to avoid nail contact. You can also use a cotton glove, a pebble, a massage roller, or a wooden roller.

• Use gentle skincare: Avoid environmental factors that exacerbate symptoms, such as detergents and irritating substances. Choose gentle skincare products that respect skin health. In case of scalp psoriasis, it is recommended to select a very gentle shampoo, soap-free and with a physiological pH. Ideally, opt for a shampoo containing anti-itching agents (thermal water, pre or postbiotics).

• Consulting a dermatologist: If itching persists or worsens despite self-care measures to alleviate discomfort, it is recommended to consult a dermatologist. They can assess the situation and recommend specific treatments, such as topical creams, oral medications, or phototherapytreatments.

• FLUHR J. W. & al. Emollients, moisturizers, and keratolytic agents in psoriasis. Clinics in Dermatology (2008).

• Lutter contre les démangeaisons du psoriasis. Association France Psoriasis (2017).