Antistatic Agent: What is its Role in Cosmetics?

An antistatic agent is an ingredient incorporated into a formulation with the purpose of limiting static electricity. This is a physical phenomenon resulting from an imbalance of electrical charges present within or on the surface of a material. In a neutral state, positive and negative charges offset each other. However, due to friction or contact, electrons can be transferred from one object to another, thereby causing charge imbalances.

In the field of cosmetics, the issue of static electricity is primarily known in relation to hair. Indeed, when hair is brushed or subjected to friction, such as against a hat or sweater, it can lose or gain electrons. The hair then becomes electrically charged. As a reminder, like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. This phenomenon creates an unruly effect, characterized by strands of hair standing on end. Fine hair is particularly prone to static electricity because the surface of their cuticle is larger. Moreover, cold weather intensifies this phenomenon as it makes the air less conductive. As a result, hair tends to accumulate more static electricity.

The primary function of antistatic agents used in cosmetics is to protect the hair from static electricity by neutralizing the electrical charges accumulated on their surface.

The mode of action of antistatic agents is based on their ability to balance the distribution of electrical charges on the surface of the hair. Products formulated with these agents, such as conditioners, serums, or even styling sprays, typically contain cationic substances that interact with the negative charges naturally present on hair fibers. This interaction creates a neutralization of charges, thus reducing static electricity and taming the hair.

In addition to reducing static electricity, antistatic agents enhance the action of texturizing agents and contribute to improving the sensory experience of cosmetics. Indeed, these ingredients facilitate the formation of a light film on the surface of the hair that coats the hair fibers. This not only helps to minimize frizz, but also aids in softening the hair and making it easier to style.

Although it is less common, antistatic agents are sometimes found in skincare products, particularly in products intended to be applied to the body. Their presence in these formulations helps to limit the effect of electrostatic friction from clothing on the skin, which enhances the comfort of the skincare. The main antistatic agents used in cosmetics are grouped in the table below.