Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, is gaining popularity in cosmetic formulations due to its numerous properties. Although its use is increasing, this raises a legitimate question among consumers: should we be concerned about a potential danger associated with the topical application of products containing this ingredient? Learn more by continuing to read.
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Are there dangers in the topical use of succinic acid?
Summary
- Is succinic acid dangerous?
- Can succinic acid be used by pregnant women?
- What are the usage precautions associated with succinic acid?
- Sources
Published November 7, 2024,
updated on December 3, 2024,
by
Jamal, PhD, Doctor of human pathology and infectious diseases
—
5 min read
Is succinic acid dangerous?
To date, succinic acid is considered safe and well-tolerated by all skin types. The adverse effects often cited in the literature are mainly hypothetical and require further research. According to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), succinic acid is not classified as toxic, corrosive, or irritating to the skin, which attests to its low risk in cosmetics. Here are the main side effects reported following the use of succinic acid:
Potential Skin Sensitization: Although there is no clear evidence indicating that succinic acid is a skin sensitizer, it is important to remain vigilant. In rare cases, repeated application can lead to skin sensitization
Potential Local Irritation: Skin irritation is the most common effect associated with the use of succinic acid, especially in individuals with sensitive skin or pre-existing dermatological conditions. Symptoms may include redness, itching, or burning sensations. Classified among weak organic acids, succinic acid poses irritation risks at high concentrations, similar to those of other acids, such as phosphoric acid.
Sometimes, an eye irritation: In the event of direct contact, succinic acid can cause eye irritation. Due to its slightly corrosive nature, it is essential to avoid any contact with the eye area.
Risks associated with prolonged exposure: Exposure to high concentrations of succinic acid in the air, especially through sprays, can lead to respiratory irritations. Exposure limit values (MAK) of 2 mg/m³ have been established to prevent these risks. On the other hand, topical application of succinic acid generally does not pose a risk of respiratory irritation, but it is essential to adhere to the recommended concentrations and perform patch tests to avoid skin irritations.
A potential interaction with other active ingredients: The succinic acid can potentially interact with other cosmetic ingredients, particularly those based on acids, such as salicylic acid, which could increase skin irritation. It is recommended to consult a health professional before combining multiple active ingredients in a skincare routine.
Can succinic acid be used by pregnant women?
Currently, there is relatively little clinical data available to assess the safety of succinic acid during pregnancy. Generally, it is recommended for pregnant women to exercise caution with cosmetic products containing new ingredients or acids. However, to date, succinic acid is not considered a harmful ingrédient to avoid during pregnancy. Regarding breastfeeding women, there is also no substantial evidence indicating that succinic acid is harmful during breastfeeding.
If you have any doubts about your skincare routine during your pregnancy or breastfeeding, do not hesitate to seek advice from a healthcare professional.
What are the usage precautions associated with succinic acid?
In order to minimize the risks of irritation and other discomforts associated with succinic acid, it is recommended to follow these usage precautions:
Patch-test: Before incorporating a product containing succinic acid into your skincare routine, it is recommended to perform a patch test. Apply a small amount to a localized area and monitor for any skin reaction over 24 to 48 hours to minimize the risk of irritation.
Using succinic acid at recommended doses: To avoid any risk of irritation, it is essential to use products containing succinic acid at the concentrations recommended by manufacturers or health professionals. Overuse or excessively high concentrations can exacerbate side effects.
Systematic application of sun protection: Although succinic acid is not classified as a photosensitizing active ingredient, it is wise to use sun protection after its application, especially in cases of prolonged exposure to the sun.
Avoid contact with sensitive areas: We recommend not applying succinic acid to particularly sensitive areas, such as the eye contour or mucous membranes, in order to prevent irritations and other adverse effects.
Consulting a dermatologist: For individuals with dermatological issues, it is recommended to consult a dermatologist before using products containing succinic acid. This ensures appropriate use, especially in cases of underlying skin conditions.
The key takeaway:
Succinic acid is generally safe for all skin types.
A patch test is recommended before the first use.
It is important to adhere to the recommended concentrations to avoid irritation.
Do not hesitate to consult a dermatologist if you have skin concerns.
Sources
SAXENA R. & al. Production and Applications of Succinic Acid. Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2017).
HARTWIG A. & al. Succinic acid. The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety (2018).
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