How can you prevent your skin from peeling after a sunburn?

Exposure to UV rays, particularly UVB, triggers a cascade of reactions in the skin. Within the first few hours, the exposed keratinocytes release cytokines as well as vasoactive and neuroactive mediators, which elicit an inflammatory response characteristic of sunburn, marked by redness and a painful sensation. When the UV dose surpasses a certain threshold, the keratinocytes activate their apoptosis pathways and die. These cells, called "sunburn cells", are identifiable by their condensed nucleus. Their removal is a protective process : it prevents the survival of damaged cells that could, in the long term, lead to DNA mutations. This mechanism accounts for the peeling visible a few days after exposure.

Meanwhile, UV radiation activates the tumor suppressor gene p53, which stimulates DNA repair systems, a phenomenon rapidly followed by keratinocyte proliferation. This intense cell division activity results in epidermal hyperplasia, which thickens the stratum corneum and forms a additional barrier against future UV exposure.

Accelerated desquamation of the skin after a sunburn or a prolonged tanning session tanning corresponds to the elimination of apoptotic keratinocytes and their replacement by new epidermal cells to protect the skin.

The best strategy to prevent skin peeling after a sunburn lies in prevention. Once keratinocytes are damaged and undergo apoptosis, it becomes difficult to prevent desquamation. That is why limiting the initial UV assault is so important.

Prevention is based on two pillars: protecting the skin by applying sun protection and moisturizing it after exposure.

Indeed, the first step is to regularly apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen, covering both UVA and UVB rays. The sunscreen filters act as a shield by absorbing UV radiation and converting it into heat, thereby limiting its penetration into the skin and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, it is important to apply the cream, stick, or sunscreen lotion in sufficient quantity to achieve the level of protection indicated on the packaging. How much? The equivalent of one teaspoon for the face and neck, and one tablespoon for each arm or leg. Another essential point: reapply the sunscreen every two hours, especially after swimming or when perspiring.

Beyond sunscreen, preventing skin peeling also involves the management of sun exposure. Between 12 PM and 4 PM, UV radiation reaches its peak intensity and significantly increases the risk of sunburn—and thus peeling. Seeking shade, wearing long, lightweight clothing, and donning a wide-brimmed hat are simple yet effective measures. This clothing-based photoprotection works in synergy with sunscreen filters to reduce the UV dose reaching keratinocytes.

After sun exposure, it is also important to implement certain measures to repair the skin and prevent it from peeling. We first recommend that you apply twice daily an after-sun treatment. This type of product, often enriched with humectant agents such as glycerin or hyaluronic acid, helps retain water in the epidermis and soothes sensations of tightness. After-sun products also contain calming active ingredients like aloe vera, bisabolol, or panthenol, which contribute to reducing inflammation and supporting cellular repair, thereby limiting the severity of peeling.

• SCOTT T. & al. UV radiation and the skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2013).

• ZHANG S. & al. Current insights and future perspectives of ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure: Friends and foes to the skin and beyond the skin. Environment International (2024).