Heavy legs are characterized by a sensation of pain in the lower limbs, particularly in the calves. These areas become tense and are sensitive to fatigue. These discomforting sensations tend to increase throughout the day and are exacerbated by heat, prolonged standing, wearing overly tight clothing, or the approach of menstruation for some women. Conversely, regular physical activity, cold temperatures, and regular massage sessions can decrease the sensation of heavy legs.
The natural cause of heavy legs is venous insufficiency, that is, poor venous return. Unlike arteries, the walls of veins lack muscle fibers. Therefore, the circulating blood needs assistance to counteract gravity and return to the heart. The pressure from the soles of the feet and the contraction of the calf muscles usually facilitate this return. However, when the veins lose elasticity or the valves, which prevent the blood from flowing backward, become less effective, microcirculation slows down. The blood then stagnates in the lower limbs, leading to cramps, tingling, and itching. There are many causes of venous insufficiency: age, overweight, sedentary lifestyle, heredity, and so on.
Another consequence of the phenomenon of heavy legs is a swelling of the feet and ankles, referred to as edema. When it's not too advanced, it can naturally subside and deflate during the night. Walking, elevating the legs, or wearing compression stockings can promote its disappearance.